Friday, 14 November 2014

Present perfect continuous tense -ENGLISH GRAMMAR


PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
BY
SMART LEARNING WAY


CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
MEANING
DEFINITION
STRUCTURE OF SENTENCE
TABLE OF HAVE/HAS
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
ASSERTIVE SENTENCE
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
USE OF  PRESENT PERFECT 
CONTINUOUS TENSE
‘FOR ’ AND ‘SINCE’
EXAMPLES

INTRODUCTION

             Present perfect continuous tense also called as present perfect progressive tense. 

             This tense describes action that began in the past continuous in the present and may continue in  to the future.

             The present perfect continuous tense is used to indicate that an action started in the past, is in progress at the time of speaking and is likely to continue in future.

This tense made up of the present perfect tense of the verb to be (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb (verb- ing).

Subject +have/has +been+ verb-ing

              Meaning

              The present perfect continuous is very similar in meaning to the present perfect tense.

              We use this grammar to talk about something that started in the past but is still happening. 

             But the present perfect continuous focuses more on the continues action. The emphasis is on the duration of the action. 

              Definition

             The Present Perfect Progressive is used to emphasize the duration of a recent past activity. It can also be used for actions that began in the past and are still going on now.
              
            The present perfect continuous is used ,like the present perfect simple, to express an action which begins in the past and continue in the present moment.

Structure of sentence

This program has three parts.

  HAS  + BEEN + VERB + ING
   OR
   HAVE

EXAMPLES

You have been waiting here for two hours. 

I have been eating apple.

We have been playing the game.

She has been dancing on the stage.

He has been preparing for the examination.


ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE VOICE

SUBJECT + HAS/HAVE+ BEEN+VERB-ING+OBJECT.

PASSIVE VOICE

OBJECT +HAS/HAVE+BEEN+BEING+PAST PARTICIPLE+BY+SUBJECT.

EXAMPLES

Recently, John has been doing the work. Active

Recently, the work has been being done by John. Passive 

Swati has been doing her homework. Active

Swati’s homework has been being done by her.

Assertive sentence

Subject + has/have +been +verb-ing

Examples

Mr. John has been teaching English.

 Monika has been learning maths.
 
I have been preparing tea.

NEGATIVE SENTENCE

Subject +has/have +not+ been+ verb –ing.

Examples

Mr. john has not been teaching English.

Monika has not been learning maths.

I have not been preparing tea

·                     Interrogative sentence

Has/have + subject + been + -ing form of the verb

Examples

Has she been sleeping since morning?

Has he been waiting for them for several hours?

Have we been working hard for the examination for several months?

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now.

I'm tired because I've been running.

2. An action continuing up to now

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since.

I have been reading for 2 hours.

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years. 

We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

Examples

I have been studying for 3 hours. 

I have been watching TV since 7pm. 

Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks. 

Tara hasn't been visiting us since March. 

He has been playing football for a long time. 

He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

You have been studying English.

She started the conversation 40 minutes ago .



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