DEFINITION AND MEANING OF MOTIVATION
BY
SMART LEARNING WAY
CONTENTS
Introduction
Meaning
and Definition
Features
of Motivation
Importance
of Motivation
Natures
of Motivation
INTRODUCTION
Management
is the art of getting things done by others. Getting work done is a difficult
task. It is related to human behavior.
The success of any organization depends
upon the behavior and interest of employees. The organization goals are
achieved through the right direction of human behavior in a desired manner.
Before guiding or directing the employees, the reasons for such behavior should
be identified. The management can strategically motivation the employees based
on such reasons.
Meaning
SCOTT “ Motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to
accomplish desired way .”
“
Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course
of action. ”
“ Motivation can be referred to as an act of
stimulation of work in order to get the desired objectives, whereas ability refers to the skill and competence to
do a given work.”
“
Motivation means to provide someone with a motive.”
Definition
“A
motivation is an inner state that energies, activates , or moves and that
directs behavior towards goals.”
“A
motive is restlessness , a lack , a yen, a force. One in the grip of a motive,
the organism does something to reduce the restlessness, to remedy the lack , to
alleviate the yen , to mitigate the force.”
“ Motivation refers to the way in which urges,
drivers, desires, aspiration, striving or needs direct, control or explain the
behavior of human beings .”
Koontz and O’ Donnell
“Motivation
is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, needs, wishes and
similar forces.”
Mr.
Brech
“Motivation is a general
inspiration process which gets the members of the team to pull their weight
effectively, to give their loyalty to the group, to carry out properly the
tasks they have accepted and generally to play an effective part in the job
that the group has undertaken,”
“Motivation is a general term applying to the
entire class of drives, desires, needs, wishes and similar forces. To say that
managers motivate their subordinates is to say that they do those things which
they hope will satisfy these drives and desires and induce the subordinates to
act in a desired manner.”
“Motivation is getting somebody to do
something because he want to do it. It was once assumed that motivation had to
be injected from outside, but it is now understood that everyone is motivated
by several differing forces.”
“
Motivation is a general term applied to the entire class of drives, desires,
needs, wishes and similar forces. Nearly all conscious behavior of human being
is motivated. The internal needs and drives result into actions for instance,
the need for food result in hunger and hence a person is motivated to eat.”
“ Motivation is the result of processes
internal or external to the individual, that arouse enthusiasm and persistence
to pursue a certain course of action.”
Stanley Vance defines motivation
as, “any emotion or desire which so conditions one’s will that the individual
is propelled into action.”
Robert Dubin defines motivation , “ as the complex
of forces standing and keeping a person at work in an organization.”
Beach
defines, “ Motivation as
a willingness to expand energy to achieve a goal or a reword.”
Shartle defines, “Motivation as a reported urge or tension to
move in a given direction or to achieve a certain goal.”
Owen
defines, “ Motivation as
an ordered way of explaining way a person elects to channel his energies in one
direction rather than in another.”
Eduir
B. Flippo, “ Motivation is
the process of attempting to influence others to do yours will through the
possibility of gain reward.”
The
Encyclopedia of management has defined motivation as,
“ Motivation refers to the degree of
readiness of an organism to pursue some destinated goal and implies the
determination of the nature and locus of the forces inducing the degree of
readiness.”
Delton
E. MC Farland,
“ The concept
of motivation is mainly psychological. It relates to those forces operating
within the individual employee or subordinate which impel him to act or not to
act in certain ways.”
Michael
J . Jucious,
“ Motivation is
the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action, to
push the right button to get the desired action.”
J.E.Rosenz Weig and E.K.Kast ,
“ Motivation is an inspiration process
which impels the members of the team to accomplish the desired goals.”
S.Zedeck
and K Blood, “ Motivation is
a pre-disposition to act in a specified goal directed way.”
Features
of Motivation
1.)
Motivation can be positive or negative :-
-> There can be positive motivation and
negative motivation.
-> Positive motivation can be
simulative, such as higher pay, power position etc.
-> Negative motivation implies the use
of penalties, punishments etc.
2.
Motivation is goal oriented :-
-> Motivation is a behavioral concept.
It directs human behavior towards the accomplishment of goals.
-> If properly motivated, employees put
in their best possible efforts in orders to achieve the desired goals.
3.
Motivation is complex in nature :-
-> Different individuals behave
differently to a given set of incentives.
-> Some employees may be highly motivated
when they are given monetary incentives, whereas others may be more motivated
with the use of non-monetary incentives.
4.
Motivation is system oriented :-
-> Motivation is a combined effect of
these groups of factors.
-> Forces operating within
individual, i.e. his nature, needs, values etc.
5. Motivation is different from job
satisfaction:-
-> Motivation is the act to satisfy
needs and desires. Job satisfaction results only when such needs and desires
are fulfilled. Job satisfaction is the outcome of motivation.
6.
Motivation is a continuous process:-
-> Motivation is not a one time
process.
-> This is because, human needs and
desires are never ending. When one needs is satisfied, another needs emerges
that is to be satisfied. Therefore managers have to identify the emerging needs
of their subordinates and strive to satisfy such needs at regular intervals.
Importance
of Motivation
1.
Maximum
utilization of factors of production :
workers perform the work sincerely through the
inspiration of motivation.
2.
Willingness
to work:
Motivation influences the
willingness of people to work. A man is technically, mentally and physically
fit to perform the work but they may not be willing to work.
3. Reduced absenteeism:
Financial incentive schemes coerce
the workers to work more. This reduces absenteeism.
4.
Reduced labour turnover:
Motivation has both
financial and non-financial incentive schemes. This helps to retain the
existing labourers.
5.
Availability of right personnel:
Financial and non- financial
incentives not only retain the existing employees but also attract the
employees from outside the enterprise.
6.
Building of good labour relations :
Motivation helps to solve the labour problems
of absenteeism, labour turnover, indiscipline and grievance.
7.
Increase in the efficiency and output:
Both
workers and management have got benefits from motivational plans.
8.
Sense of belonging:
A proper motivation scheme promotes
closer rapport between enterprise and workers.
9.
Basis of co-operation :
Efficiency and output are increased
through co-operation. The co-operation could not be obtained without
motivation, so motivation is a basis of co-operation.
10.
Helps in realizing organizational goals :
Organizational goals are achieved quickly
through motivation. Motivated employee have a feeling of total involvement in
the performance of organization task.
Nature
of Motivation
1.Based
on motives
Motivation is based on
individual's motives which are internal to the individual. These motives are in
the form of feelings that the individual lacks something.
2.
Affected by motivating
Motivation is affected by way the individual is motivated the act of
motivating channelises need satisfaction.
3.
Goal – directed behavior
Motivation
leads to goal-directed behavior. A goal-directed behavior is one which
satisfies the causes for which behavior takes placed.
4.
Related to satisfaction
Motivation
is related to satisfaction. Satisfaction refers to the contentment experience
of an individual which he derives out of need fulfillment thus satisfaction is
a consequence of rewards and punishment associated with past experience.
5.
Person motivated in totality
A person is motivated in
totality and not in past. Each individual in the organization is a
self-contained unit and his needs are interrelated.
6.
Complex process
Motivation is a complex
process, complexity emerges because of the nature of needs and the type of
behavior that is attempted to satisfy those needs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Students guide to
organization and management
Published by RCF publications
Amravati
2. Organization behavior
By sultan chand and sons
3.
Organization and Management
By Tejpal Sheth
4.Business
communication and organization and management
By Rohini Aggarawal
5.
Organization behavior
R. Aswathappa
6.
Principles of management
T. Ramasamy
Himalaya publishing house
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